Heat the cooking oil in a pot or large pan over medium-high heat.

Add the diced pork shoulder and cook, stirring occasionally, until browned on all sides. This should take about 5-7 minutes.

Add the chopped onion and cook until softened, about 3-4 minutes. If using optional garlic, add it now and cook for another minute until fragrant.

Stir in the diced potatoes and sliced carrot. Cook for about 2-3 minutes, stirring to coat with the flavours.

Pour in the water or broth. Bring the mixture to a gentle simmer.

Stir in the uncooked rice, salt, and pepper. If using optional dried herbs or soy sauce, add them now.

Reduce heat to low, cover, and let it simmer for 15-20 minutes, or until the rice is cooked and most of the liquid is absorbed. Stir occasionally to prevent sticking.

Remove from heat and let it sit, covered, for 5 minutes before serving.